Windows: Detect Vulkan in separate process.

This should avoid crashes with broken AMD drivers that can't initialize
Vulkan properly.  Instead, Vulkan will show up as unavailable.

Disabled during debug to allow for debugging.

Windows/main.cpp

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 
 #include "Common/CommonWindows.h"
 #include "Common/OSVersion.h"
+#include "Common/Vulkan/VulkanLoader.h"
 
 #include <Wbemidl.h>
 #include <shellapi.h>
@@ -350,6 +351,39 @@ static std::string GetDefaultLangRegion() {
 	}
 }
 
+static const int EXIT_CODE_VULKAN_WORKS = 42;
+
+static bool DetectVulkanInExternalProcess() {
+	wchar_t moduleFilename[MAX_PATH];
+	wchar_t workingDirectory[MAX_PATH];
+	GetCurrentDirectoryW(MAX_PATH, workingDirectory);
+	const wchar_t *cmdline = L"--vulkan-available-check";
+	GetModuleFileName(GetModuleHandle(NULL), moduleFilename, MAX_PATH);
+
+	SHELLEXECUTEINFO info{ sizeof(SHELLEXECUTEINFO) };
+	info.fMask = SEE_MASK_NOCLOSEPROCESS;
+	info.lpFile = moduleFilename;
+	info.lpParameters = cmdline;
+	info.lpDirectory = workingDirectory;
+	info.nShow = SW_HIDE;
+	if (ShellExecuteEx(&info) != TRUE) {
+		return false;
+	}
+	if (info.hProcess == nullptr) {
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	DWORD result = WaitForSingleObject(info.hProcess, 10000);
+	DWORD exitCode = 0;
+	if (result == WAIT_FAILED || GetExitCodeProcess(info.hProcess, &exitCode) == 0) {
+		CloseHandle(info.hProcess);
+		return false;
+	}
+	CloseHandle(info.hProcess);
+
+	return exitCode == EXIT_CODE_VULKAN_WORKS;
+}
+
 std::vector<std::wstring> GetWideCmdLine() {
 	wchar_t **wargv;
 	int wargc = -1;
@@ -361,9 +395,7 @@ std::vector<std::wstring> GetWideCmdLine() {
 	return wideArgs;
 }
 
-int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE _hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow) {
-	setCurrentThreadName("Main");
-
+static void WinMainInit() {
 	CoInitializeEx(NULL, COINIT_MULTITHREADED);
 	net::Init();  // This needs to happen before we load the config. So on Windows we also run it in Main. It's fine to call multiple times.
 
@@ -384,6 +416,21 @@ int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE _hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR szCmdLin
 	// FMA3 support in the 2013 CRT is broken on Vista and Windows 7 RTM (fixed in SP1). Just disable it.
 	_set_FMA3_enable(0);
 #endif
+}
+
+static void WinMainCleanup() {
+	if (g_Config.bRestartRequired) {
+		W32Util::ExitAndRestart();
+	}
+
+	net::Shutdown();
+	CoUninitialize();
+}
+
+int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE _hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow) {
+	setCurrentThreadName("Main");
+
+	WinMainInit();
 
 #ifndef _DEBUG
 	bool showLog = false;
@@ -486,12 +533,28 @@ int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE _hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR szCmdLin
 					g_Config.bSoftwareRendering = true;
 				}
 			}
+
+			// This should only be called by DetectVulkanInExternalProcess().
+			if (wideArgs[i] == L"--vulkan-available-check") {
+				// Just call it, this way it will crash here if it doesn't work.
+				// (this is an external process.)
+				bool result = VulkanMayBeAvailable();
+
+				LogManager::Shutdown();
+				WinMainCleanup();
+				return result ? EXIT_CODE_VULKAN_WORKS : EXIT_FAILURE;
+			}
 		}
 	}
 #ifdef _DEBUG
 	g_Config.bEnableLogging = true;
 #endif
 
+#ifndef _DEBUG
+	// See #11719 - too many Vulkan drivers crash on basic init.
+	VulkanSetAvailable(DetectVulkanInExternalProcess());
+#endif
+
 	if (iCmdShow == SW_MAXIMIZE) {
 		// Consider this to mean --fullscreen.
 		g_Config.bFullScreen = true;
@@ -595,13 +658,7 @@ int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE _hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR szCmdLin
 	timeEndPeriod(1);
 
 	LogManager::Shutdown();
-
-	if (g_Config.bRestartRequired) {
-		W32Util::ExitAndRestart();
-	}
-
-	net::Shutdown();
-	CoUninitialize();
+	WinMainCleanup();
 
 	return 0;
 }